Generally speaking, a tumor is a swelling in the tissue or an uncontrolled growth of cells. The swellings are often found directly on the skin when owners stroke their four-legged friends. The skin is susceptible to tumors because it is exposed to many different environmental influences. It is also the largest organ in the body, which logically means it has more surface area to attack. Nevertheless, tumors are a threat to the entire body of cats and dogs. There are bone tumors, tumors on the genitals, tumors on the internal organs and tumors on the nervous system.
It is important to note that a tumor in cats and dogs (or in humans) does not lead to immediate death. For example, 70 to 80 percent of skin tumors are so-called benign tumors that do not require direct intervention. A malignant tumor, on the other hand, is symbolic of cancer in humans and animals. Immediate removal of a malignant tumor is therefore recommended. Surgery, radiation and, in an emergency, amputation are possible. Surgery can be used to operate on the skin and internal organs, provided no metastases have yet developed.
If radiation is recommended for your four-legged friend, it can now be limited to the tumor, which protects the healthy tissue in the surrounding area. A small tumor can thus be completely removed. However, palliative therapy is often the main focus, whereby the tumor is reduced as much as possible so that symptoms disappear and the animal's pain is minimized. Chemotherapy with medication also focuses on a comfortable life rather than aggressively fighting the tumor. Cats and dogs are thus spared serious side effects.
Amputation is the last option for a tumor if the bone or the surrounding tissue is severely affected. These operations are usually limited to toes or ears, as these four-legged animals can easily cope with these amputations. However, the operations can also be extended to the limbs and tail, which leads to greater restrictions.
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